¿Los pacientes oncológicos depositan demasiada esperanza en la quimioterapia?
















NUEVA YORK (Reuters Health) – Una encuesta reveló que por lo


menos dos tercios de los pacientes con cáncer avanzado creen que












la quimioterapia que reciben los curará, aunque el tratamiento


sólo es paliativo.


“Sus expectativas van mucho más allá de la realidad”, opinó


la doctora Deborah Schrag, del Instituto de Oncología


Dana-Farber, en Boston.


Su equipo publica en New England Journal of Medicine que el


69 por ciento de los participantes con cáncer pulmonar terminal


y el 81 por ciento de los participantes con cáncer colorrectal


fatal no comprendían que la quimioterapia no eliminaría sus


tumores.


Irónicamente, los pacientes que más elogiaron la


comunicación con sus doctores eran los que menos comprendían la


finalidad de la quimioterapia que recibían.


“Esto no se trata de médicos malos ni de pacientes


inteligentes. Es una dinámica comunicacional compleja. No es


fácil decirle a los pacientes que no se les podrá curar el


cáncer” porque para los médicos es incómodo dar malas noticias y


los pacientes no quieren aceptarlas, sostuvo Schrag.


“Si los pacientes tienen expectativas irreales de curación


con una terapia que les administran con fines paliativos,


estamos ante un problema serio de incomunicación que hay que


resolver”, escriben los doctores Thomas Smith y Dan Longo, de la


Facultad de Medicina de la Johns Hopkins University, en un


comentario publicado sobre el estudio.


“Esto explicaría por qué dos meses antes de morir, la mitad


de los pacientes con cáncer pulmonar no había oído a sus médicos


mencionar la palabra ‘centro de cuidados paliativos’”,


agregaron.


El estudio “sugiere que debemos dedicar más tiempo” a


explicarles a los pacientes lo más difícil, dijo el doctor


Hossein Borghaei, oncólogo del Centro de Oncología Fox Chase, en


Filadelfia, quien no participó del estudio. “Los oncólogos


tendrán que reducir su optimismo y entusiasmo, pero no es


fácil”, añadió.


Los resultados surgen de una encuesta a 1.193 pacientes (o


sus representantes) con cáncer con metástasis. Todos recibían


quimioterapia.


“Que el 20-30 por ciento reconociera que la quimioterapia no


los curaría demuestra que por lo menos algunos pacientes podían


aceptar su realidad y manifestársela a un entrevistador”,


escribe el equipo.


“No son asuntos triviales. El uso de la quimioterapia cerca


del final de la vida sigue siendo una práctica común, no


prolonga la vida y es también una causa evitable del 25 por


ciento del gasto de la cobertura federal estadounidense Medicare


en el último año de vida”, escriben Smith y Longo.


Para ambos, los resultados se deben, con distinta magnitud,


a que los pacientes ignoran que la enfermedad es incurable, se


les habla de manera incomprensible, optan por no creen en lo que


se les dice o son demasiado optimistas. “Probablemente sean


todas esas causas”, señalan.


Borghaei consideró que el estudio “no tiene en cuenta qué


preguntan los pacientes cuando se les diagnostica un cáncer


incurable”. Muchos insisten en que lo superarán.


“¿Qué se supone que hagamos los médicos: que nos paremos


frente a una persona con enfermedad avanzada y empecemos a


discutir? No es productivo. Es algo que escucho siempre, en


especial de los pacientes más jóvenes”, indicó Borghaei.


“Pienso que sirve como un recordatorio para los médicos:


tomarse unos pocos minutos para darse cuenta lo duro que es.


Reconocer que no se trata de una conversación, sino una serie de


charlas para saber si los pacientes comprendieron y cómo


reaccionan”, dijo Schrag.


Cuando una cura es poco probable, “debemos asegurarnos de


tener la oportunidad de planificar y preparar todo aquello que


seguramente sucederá”, agregó la autora.


FUENTE: New England Journal of Medicine, 2012


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Analysts see recovery sprouting at “FarmVille” creator Zynga
















(Reuters) – Zynga Inc’s quarterly revenue beat and its higher full-year earnings forecast show the embattled “FarmVille” creator may be on the path to recovery, analysts said, with at least one brokerage upgrading the company’s stock.


Shares of the company rose 18 percent to $ 2.50 in early trade on Thursday on the Nasdaq. Since going public at $ 10 per share last December, Zynga has lost over three-quarters of its market value as the company struggled with delays in launching new titles as older ones fell out of favor.












Zynga raised the lower end of its 2012 earnings forecast on Wednesday and also announced a new deal with British company bwin.party to offer online real-money gambling and a $ 200 million share buyback plan.


“The announcement of a buyback, while rare for a company that less than a year ago was considered a ‘high-flying’, fast-growing ‘hot’ IPO, nonetheless signals that the board is confident in the company’s future,” Needham & Co analyst Sean McGowan wrote in a note.


He raised his rating on the stock to “buy” from “hold”.


“While not bullish on the likely success of Zynga’s new titles, since management recognizes that its older social games on Facebook are falling, it will spend accordingly and pivot more quickly to mobile,” McGowan said.


Zynga laid off 5 percent of its full-time workforce and shut its Boston office on Tuesday as part of a sweeping cost-cutting campaign that may eventually result in the company closing its Japanese and British studios as well.


While it is healthy to evaluate cost-cutting initiatives, any material reduction in Zynga’s creative talent could also lead to an erosion in innovative new game development, analysts at Piper Jaffray said in a note.


A new share buyback and real-money gaming partnership with Bwin.party will help, but ultimately Zynga needs to demonstrate it can produce hit titles on multiple platforms – mobile, social and browser, Robert W. Baird & Co said in a note.


As sales from one-time cash cows, “FarmVille” and “CityVille,” are fading fast, Zynga is now investing more heavily in “mid-core” games, which require more development resources but are more immersive.


“We expect the strength of its development capabilities as well as its distribution to eventually drive better performance; we believe caution is warranted until we see signs of improved execution,” BMO Capital Markets analyst Edward Williams said.


(Reporting by Sruthi Ramakrishnan in Bangalore; Editing by Sriraj Kalluvila)


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Strauss-Kahn seeks comeback via conference circuit
















PARIS (Reuters) – Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the former IMF chief whose French presidential ambitions were shattered by a sex scandal last year, is making a comeback in business and at conferences.


The 63-year-old Strauss-Kahn was accused of trying to rape a New York hotel maid in May 2011. He protested his innocence and criminal charges against him were dropped, though civil proceedings by the woman are still pending.












Now he is promoting himself as a consultant and guest speaker at far-flung points on the world’s conference circuit, where participants can demand $ 100,000 or more to talk for an hour, and five times that sum for star performers such as former U.S. President Bill Clinton.


While Strauss-Kahn’s itinerary for now will keep him at some distance from the financial capitals he used to frequent, experts say his economic policy experience and a contact book that many heads of state would envy will stand him in good stead.


“He has the potential to be enormously successful,” says Roy Cohen, a New York-based career coach and author of “The Wall Street Professional’s Survival Guide”.


“He needs to be test-driven first … If he is able to prove that his intervention and the consultancy advisory work he is doing is powerful and effective, he’s going to generate interest.”


Strauss-Kahn has been little seen in public in his native France, where until recently media have been portraying him as a shunned and lonely man. Yet in the past year he has delivered keynote speeches at conferences in China, Ukraine, Morocco and South Korea.


He was warmly applauded when he spoke about global economic prospects to hundreds of students and executives in Morocco in September, at an event where his hosts at a private university introduced him not with his grandest former title but simply as Professor Strauss-Kahn, the economist.


He is scheduled to make a second appearance in Morocco at an Arab banking congress in Casablanca in mid-November. Organizers of the meeting declined to comment when contacted by Reuters, as did others hosting conferences Strauss-Kahn is due to attend.


MAGAZINE PHOTO SHOOT


His come-back plan took another step forward last month when he lodged the founding statutes of a consultancy firm, called Parnasse, at the commercial court in Paris.


On top of conference work, public speaking and consulting, Parnasse’s statutes show his ambitions stretch to finance, real estate and political services in France and abroad.


Strauss-Kahn this month also gave a rare magazine interview to France’s “Le Point”, which photographed him relaxing at his new apartment in Paris’s Montparnasse district with a tablet computer in his hand.


It was a stark contrast to the image the world watched on TV in May 2011, as he trudged handcuffed and haggard to a U.S. courthouse to be jailed briefly on criminal charges, later dropped, of trying to rape hotel maid Nafissatou Diallo.


But the potential pitfalls that lie ahead were illustrated in March when police had to bundle him into a getaway car as protesting students clashed with security guards after he gave a speech on the world economy at Britain’s Cambridge University.


The case will hang over for him for some time yet; though New York prosecutors dropped the charges on the grounds that Diallo was not a reliable witness, the date of her civil suit has yet to be determined.


And in France, a court will rule on November 28 whether to pursue a judicial investigation into a prostitution ring in which he was allegedly involved. He says he has done nothing illegal and is being pursued because of his libertine lifestyle.


Yet if Strauss-Kahn can put those cases behind him, Cohen said time would work in his favor and pointed to other big names on the conference circuit who overcame image problems.


Clinton, who survived sex scandals and an impeachment trial in the late 1990s, now makes millions of dollars a year attending high-profile events.


According to financial declarations his wife Hillary Clinton makes as U.S. Secretary of State, Clinton charged $ 750,000 for addressing a telecoms event in Hong Kong, and $ 500,000 for his presence at an Abu Dhabi conference on environmental data.


EURO ZONE PROBLEM SOLVER?


Sylvie Audibert, a Paris-based consultant who coaches corporate executives on topics from stress management to life-makeover decisions, said Europe’s economic crisis could give Strauss-Kahn a perfect forum to use his talents.


He recently floated an idea under which Germany and France, which are enjoying low borrowing costs as investors see their debt as safe, devote some of their savings to helping weaker countries in the euro zone.


The idea has generated little visible interest, apart from a blog mention by former Irish Prime Minister John Bruton. Greek government sources have also quashed rumors that he is advising Athens over their debt troubles.


But Audibert said that like others who have held frontline posts in politics and global economic management, Strauss-Kahn may still harbor hopes of one day taking up a public policy role, perhaps at European level.


“We’re talking about people with very big egos and very big ambitions,” Audibert said. “I am not convinced his ultimate goal is to remain the adviser in the shadows.”


Strauss-Kahn himself hinted at his longer-term ambitions in his interview with Le Point.


“I sense a possibility of investing myself in big international projects … For the moment, my situation stands in the way.”


(Additional reporting by Dina Kyriakidou; Editing by Catherine Bremer and Will Waterman)


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